X

Chlorine : Methods of Preparation

Chlorine

source : emaze.com

Method of preparation of chlorine :

1. By heating MnO2 with concentrated hydrochloric acid :

MnO2 +4HCl ———> MnCl2 +2H2O + Cl2

2. By oxidizing  HCl with KMnO4: HCl is oxidized to Cl2.

2KMnO4 + 16HCl ——–> 2KCl +2MnCl2+ 8H2O + 5Cl2

3. By oxidizing HCl with Potassium dichromate ( K2Cr2O7) :

K2Cr2O7 +14 HCl  ———> 2KCl + 2CrCl3 +7H2O +3Cl2

4. By heating a mixture of  NaCl, MnO2 and Concentrated H2SO

2NaCl +MnO2 +3H2SO4 ——-> 2NaHSO4 +MnSO4 + 2H2O +Cl2

Manufacture:

1. Deacon’s process:

Principle : HCl is oxidized by air at 450oC in presence of cupric chloride catalyst.

4HCl + O2       —–> 2Cl2 +2H2O

Mechanism:

2 CuCl2(Cupric chloride)   ——-> 2CuCl (Cuprous chloride)+ Cl2

4CuCl +O2      ——–>     2[CuO.CuCl2] (Copper oxy chloride)

CuO. CuCl2 +2HCl  ——–> 2CuCl2 (Cupric chloride)   +H2O.

Method:

Mixture of HCl gas and preheated air at 220o C is introduced in oxidizing chamber. Pumice stones soak in cupric chloride solution are placed on the shelves in oxidizing chamber. Temperature of this chamber is kept 450 degree C. In this chamber HCl gas is oxidized into chlorine.

4HCl +O2 ———-> 2Cl2+ 2H2O

Chlorine obtained is contaminated with HCl gas and water vapour. Gaseous mixture is cooled by cooler and then passed in washing tower. In this chamber, water is sprayed from the top and impurity of HCl is removed. Now the gaseous mixture is passed in absorption tower. Concentrated H2SO4 is sprayed from the top which absorbs water vapour. Mixture of chlorine and air left is collected. Chlorine obtained is impure.

Physical Properties:

1)  It is yellow green gas having pungent  & suffocating smell .

2) Chlorine  is poisonous gas & affect  lungs , nose & throat.

3) It is soluble in H2O. Aqueous solution of chlorine is called chlorine- water.

4) It acts as  powerful oxidizing agent.

5) It is 2.5 times heavier than air.

 

Saroj Bhatia: Dr. Saroj Bhatia is an Ph.D in chemistry who has been teaching chemistry for over a decade. Currently she is a respected principal of a renowned college in her hometown. She took this medium for online users. Her proudest achievement is helping people learn chemistry.
Related Post