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Iodine : Methods

Iodine

 

source : slideplayer.com

Method of preparation:

1) By passing Cl2 or Br2 in aqueous KI solution :
2KI +Cl2 ——-> 2KCl +I2
2KI + Br2 ——-> 2KBr +I2

2) By the oxidation of KI(Potassium iodide) :

(a) H2O2 ——> H2O + O
2KI +H2O + O —–> 2KOH +I2

Equation as a whole 
2KI +H2O2 ——> 2KOH + I2

(b) O3 —-> O2 + O
2KI +H2O+O —–> 2KOH +I2

Equation as a whole 
2KI +H2O + O3 —–> 2KOH +I2 +O2

3) By the reaction of KI ( Potassium iodide) and copper sulphate :
CuSO4 + 2KI ——->K2SO4 +CuI2 (cupric iodide)
2CuI2 ——>2CuI (cuprous iodide, white precipitate) +I2

4) By heating a mixture of KI , MnO2 and H2SO:

2KI + MnO2 + 3H2SO4 ——> MnSO4 +   2 KHSO4 + 2H2O + I2

5) By the reaction of sodium Iodate and sodium bi-sulphite :
2NaIO3 + 5 NaHSO3 ——–>2 Na2SO4  + 3 NaHSO+ I2+ H2O

6) By the reaction of KI and KIO3 with concentrated H2SO4:
5KI +KIO3 + 6 H2SO4 ——> 6 KHSO4 + 3 H2O + 3I2

Manufacture of Iodine from Sea Weeds :

Iodine is present in sea weeds such as Laminaria digitata and Laminaria stenophylla in the form of KI and NaI. Sea weeds are collected, dried and then burnt in shallow pits to obtained their ash which  is called kelp.It contains 0.5 to 1.3 % iodine in the form of KI and NaI.
Kelp is shaken with hot water then KI , NaI and impurities of NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 etc. come in solution. On cooling the solution impurities separate out while NaI and KI remain in solution. Concentrated H2SO4 and MnO2 is added in mother liquor. Mother liquor is solution of  NaI and KI . It is  heated in an iron retort.Vapours of iodine are formed which are condensed  in series of aludels.

2NaI + MnO2 +  3H2SO4 ——>  2 NaHSO4 + MnSO+  I2 +  2H2O

2KI + MnO2 +  3H2SO4 ——> 2 KHSO4 + MnSO4 +  I2 +  2H2O

Manufacture of Iodine from Caliche :

Chile saltpeter (NaNO3) contains  5-20 % NaIO3. Chile saltpeter is also known as caliche. It is an important source of iodine. Aqueous solution of caliche is prepared which on concentration gives crystal of NaNO3. Crystals are filtered out. The filtrate contains NaIO3. Required amount of NaHSO3 is added in the filtrate. Iodine separates out.

2NaIO3 + 5 NaHSO3 ———-> 3 NaHSO4 +  2Na2SO4 + H2O + I2

Purification of Iodine :

Iodine obtained by above method contains the impurity of ICl, IBr, ICN. These impurities are volatile and therefore these impurities  can not  be removed by sublimation method.Because iodine also have sublimation property so  KI is mixed with impure I2 and  heated . Then  vapours of pure I2 are  formed which are condensed.

ICl + KI ——>  KCl +I2

IBr +KI ——->KBr +I2

ICN +KI ——->KCN +I2

source : meritnation.com

Physical properties:

  1. It is dark violet crystalline solid.
  2. Iodine  has metallic lustre.
  3. Iodine  sublimes on heating.
  4. Vapours of iodine  are poisonous.
  5. It is sparingly soluble  in water.

 

Saroj Bhatia: Dr. Saroj Bhatia is an Ph.D in chemistry who has been teaching chemistry for over a decade. Currently she is a respected principal of a renowned college in her hometown. She took this medium for online users. Her proudest achievement is helping people learn chemistry.
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