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Ammonia

Ammonia

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Method of preparation: Ammonia

1. By the reaction of water with metal nitride:
Mg3N2 (Magnesium nitride + 6H2O ——-> 3Mg(OH)2 +2NH3
ALN (Aluminium nitride) + 3H2O  ——–> Al(OH)3+ NH3

2. By heating ammonium salt with base:
2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 ——-> CaCl2 +2NH3 +2H2O
2NH4Cl + PbO    ——-> PbCl2 + 2NH3+ H2O
NH4Cl + NaOH     ——-> NaCl + NH3 + H2O

Lab method :
In laboratory, NH3 is prepared by heating ammonium chloride with calcium hydroxide. Concentrated H2SO4, anhydrous CaCl2, P2O5 cannot be used to dry NH3 because they react chemically with NH3.

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H2SO4 (Concentrated) +2NH3 ———> (NH4)2SO4

CaCl2 +8NH3 ———-> CaCl2.8NH3

P2O5 + 3H2O +6NH3          —————–>2 (NH4)3PO4

Manufacture:

It is manufactured by three method:

1) From ammonical liquor:

Ammonical liquor is obtained as a by product when coal gas is manufactured by the destructive distillation of coal. Ammonical liquor contains ammonium salt such as NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, (NH4)2S etc. Ammonia is obtained by heating ammonical liquor with slaked lime (Ca(OH)2 ). Ammonia obtained is either liquefied or dissolved in dilute H2SO4 to get ammonium sulphate which is used as fertilizer.

2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2  ———>CaCl2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O

(NH4)2SO4  + Ca(OH)2  ———>CaSO4 + 2NH3 + 2H2O

(NH4)2S + Ca(OH)2  ———>CaS + 2NH3 + 2H2O

2NH3 + H2SO4 (dilute) ———> (NH4)2SO4

Physical properties:

1. It is colorless, pungent odor gas.

2. Ammonia is highly soluble in H2O. Its aqueous solution is called ammonium hydroxide.

NH3 +H2O ——-> NH4OH (weak base)

Test of Ammonia :

1. Ammonia has pungent ammonical odor.

2. Its aqueous solution turn red litmus blue.

3. Copper sulphate solution react with excess of NH4OH then blue color soluble complex is obtained.

4. Concentrated HCl gives white fumes of NH4Cl with NH.

5. It gives orange-brown precipitate with  alkaline solution of K2[HgI4] i.e Nessler’s reagent

2K2[HgI4] + NaOH + NH3  ———> NH2Hg2I3 (brown precipitate) + 4 KI +  NaI +H2O

NH2Hg2I3 is Iodide of million’s base.

 

Saroj Bhatia: Dr. Saroj Bhatia is an Ph.D in chemistry who has been teaching chemistry for over a decade. Currently she is a respected principal of a renowned college in her hometown. She took this medium for online users. Her proudest achievement is helping people learn chemistry.
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