X

d-block elements

d-block elements

source : slide player.com

Elements of d block :

The elements of III B, IV B, V B, VI B, VII B, VIII , VIII ,VIII , I B & II B groups are  present in the middle part of periodic table. Now a days these are elements of 3 to 12 group in the periodic table. In d-block elements last electron enters in (n-1)d orbital. These are also called transition elements.

There are 4 series of d-block elements.

3d-series: 21Sc to 30Zn ( Ist transition series i.e the last electron comes in 3d orbital)

4d-series: 39 Y to 48Cd ( II transition series i.e the last electrons comes in 4d orbital)

5d-series: 57 La & 72Hf to 80Hg ( III transition series i.e the last electrons comes in 5d orbital)

6d-series: 89Ac & 104Rf – 112Uub ( IV transition series  i.e the last electrons comes in 6d orbital )

General Characteristic of d-block elements :

1) Electronic configuration :

Electronic configuration of outermost shell is:

& penultimate shell is:


2) Variable valency : d-block elements show variable valency because electrons present in ns and (n-1)d take part in bond formation .

Valency of Cu is 1 &  2 [cuprous & cupric ]

Valency of Fe  is 2 & 3 [ferrous & ferric]

Valency of Au  is 1 & 3 [aurous & auric ]

3) Metallic nature : All d-block elements are metals.

4) formation of colored ions : Cations having incompletely  filled d-orbitals form colored ions.

Example:  Fe++, Fe+++, Cu++, Ni++ etc.

Cations having completely filled d-orbitals form colorless ions.

Example: Cu+, Ag+, Au+, Zn++ etc.

5) Para & diamagnetic character : Atoms & ions containing unpaired electrons are paramagnetic.

Example: Fe, Fe++, Fe+++, Ni++, Cu++ etc.

Atoms & ions in which all the electrons are paired, are diamagnetic.

Example : Zn , Zn++, Cu+, Ag+ etc.

6) Tendency to form complexes  : Transition metal cations form complexes due to small size of cation & presence of vacant d-orbitals of appropriate energy.

7) Catalytic property : Elements of d-block and their compounds are used as catalyst.

Example : Fe, Co, Ni, V2O5 , Fe2O3  ,Pt etc.

 

Read more articles at chemistryonline.guru

Saroj Bhatia: Dr. Saroj Bhatia is an Ph.D in chemistry who has been teaching chemistry for over a decade. Currently she is a respected principal of a renowned college in her hometown. She took this medium for online users. Her proudest achievement is helping people learn chemistry.
Related Post