Hybridization – sp3d

Hybridization

source : en.wikipedia.org

sp³d hybridization :

      The mixing of one s ,three p and one d-atomic orbitals to form five sp³d hybrid orbitals of equal energy is called sp³d hybridization. These orbitals are  called  hybrid orbitals. These five orbitals are not equivalent. These are divided into two sets :

a) Equatorial hybrid orbitals :

       Three hybrid orbitals are directed towards the corners of an equilateral triangle are called equatorial  hybrid orbitals. These are planar and bond angle is 120⁰.

b) Axial hybrid orbitals :

Two hybrid orbitals are perpendicular to the plane of equatorial hybrid orbital .These are called axial hybrid orbital . They make an angle of 90⁰ with equatorial hybrid orbitals.

source : people.stfx.ca

source : philschatz.com

Example:  PCl₅

In PCl₅ molecule the central atom is P.

₁₅P – 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p³

₁₇ Cl- 1s²,2s²,2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁵

 The five sp³d hybrid orbitals are singly occupied . These hybrid orbitals overlap with singly filled 3pz atomic orbital of  five  Chlorine atom to form  five  sigma bond (P- Cl).

Geometry of PCl₅ molecule is trigonal bipyramidal. Bond angle is 90⁰ and 120⁰.

Hybridization in SF4  :

In SF4 molecule the central atom in S.

₁₆ S : 1s²,2s²,2p⁶,3s²,3p⁴

9F: 1s2,2s2,2p5

source : Chemistry@Tutorvista.com

source : Chemistry@Tutorvista.com

Geometry of SF4 is distorted trigonal bipyramidal due to presence of lone pair of electron.

Hybridization in AB3 type interhalogen compound-

AB3 type interhalogen compounds are ClF3 , ICl3 & BrF3.

17Cl –