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Isotonic solution

Isotonic solution-

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Isotonic  or Iso – osmotic solutions-

Two solutions of different substances having same osmotic pressure at same temperature are called isotonic solutions. When isotonic solutions are separated by Semipermeable membrane , no osmosis takes place. Isotonic solutions have equal molar concentrations.

For isotonic solutions,

π1  =   π

π1 and π2 are osmotic pressures.

C1 = C2 

C1 and  C2 are molar concentrations 

                             [  C = n/V = no. of moles /volume of solution in litre  ]

n1 /V1 = n2 /  V2              [ n = w /m = weight of solute / molecular weight ]

w1 / m1 V1 =    w2 / m2 V2

These are applicable when there is no dissociation or association of solute takes place.

(i) In case of isotonic solution of  non electrolyte solutes  ( ex. isotonic solutions of urea and glucose ),

       π1  =   π

         C1 = C2

(ii)In case of isotonic solution of urea (non electrolyte ) and NaCl (  electrolyte it dissociates in solution) ,                  

      π1  =   π

       C1 ≠ C2

(iii) In case of isotonic solution of urea (non electrolyte ) and Benzoic acid (  electrolyte it associates in solution) ,

         π1 =  π2 

          C1  ≠ C2

Hypotonic solution-

If a solution having less osmotic pressure than other is called hypotonic solution .

or

 Solution is hypotonic if it has less solute and more water than another solution.

 source : Your Nursing Tutor 

Hypertonic solution-

If a solution having more osmotic pressure than other is called hypertonic solution.

or 

When a solution has more solute per litre than another is called hypertonic solution.

 

 

 

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