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    Categories: IUPAC

Nitro alkane,alkyl nitrite,alkyl halide-IUPAC

Nitro alkane:IUPAC

source: chemgapedia

Nitro alkane:IUPAC

1) Those compounds in which nitrogen of  -NO2 group is attached to any alkyl group are called nitro alkane. Their formula is R-NO2.

2) Their IUPAC name is nitro alkane.

CH3- NO2 or H3C-NO2                                                    Nitro methane

CH3-CH2-NO2                                                                    Nitro ethane

CH3-CH2-CH2-NO2                                                             1-nitro propane

CH3-CH(NO2)-CH3                                                           2-nitro propane

Alkyl nitrite:

1)  Those compounds in which an alkyl group is attached to the oxygen of -NO2 group are called            alkyl nitrite.Their formula is R – O – N = O.

2) Their IUPAC name is alkyl nitrite.

CH3 – O – N =O                                             Methyl nitrite

CH3-CH2 -O – N = O                                     Ethyl nitrite

Halogen compounds:

a) Alkyl halides:

1)  The compounds of the formula R-X are called alkyl halides.These are mono halogen derivatives of alkanes.

2) Their IUPAC name is halo alkane.

CH3-Cl                             Methyl chloride                    chloro methane

CH3-CH2-Cl                    Ethyl chloride                       chloro ethane

CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl          n-propyl chloride                  1-chloro propane

CH3-CH(Cl)-CH3            Isopropyl chloride              2-chloro propane

Polyhalogen derivatives:

When two or more than two hydrogen atoms of an alkane are replaced by halogen atoms, polyhalogen derivatives of alkanes are formed.

CH2Cl2                          Methylene dichloride       Dichloro methane

CHCl3                             chloroform                         trichloro methane

CCl4                             carbon tetrachloride         tetra chloro methane

CH2(Cl)- CH2(Cl)     Ethylene dichloride        1,2- Dichloro ethane

CH3-CHCl2                Ethylidene chloride          1,1-Dichloro ethane

 

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