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    Categories: IUPAC

Rules for naming Saturated hydrocarbons-IUPAC

Rules-IUPAC

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(A) Rules-IUPAC of  Saturated hydrocarbons-

i) Longest chain Rule

a) The 1st step  is to select the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms  Which is  called parent chain or main chain. Other carbon chains attached to it are known as side chains. On the basis of number  of Carbon atoms present in the parent chain, parent hydrocarbon is named.(Root word+ane)

EX-

Longest chain of  5 C-atom is selected as parent chain.

Straight chain contains 6 C – atoms while the longest selected chain contains 8 C- atoms.

Longest selected chain contains 7 C- atoms.

b) When  molecule contains two chains of the same length then chain  which carries maximum number  of side chains is selected as parent chain.

EX – 1)

        ( Correct  )

     ( Wrong )

EX – 2)

            (Correct )

             (Wrong )

EX-3)

 

             (Correct )

 ii) Numbering of the Carbon-atom of the longest chain

a)  The Carbon atoms  of the parent chain are numbered by arabic numerals 1,2,3,4  etc from one end to other.  The number  that locates  the position of substituent is known as ‘locant’. The position of side chains are indicated by number assigned to the carbon atom to which it is attached.

b) When many substituents are present, then numbering is done from that end of chain where  sum of substituent is minimum .

c) If different alkyl groups are present as substituents on the identical positions in relation to the ends of the chain, then  minimum number is given to the smaller alkyl group.

 

 

iii) Naming of the Side chains-

a) The name of the substituent is  prefixed,  preceded by the locant to the name of parent hydrocarbon.

locant,hyphen,substituent,parent hydrocarbon

b) If two or more substituents are present, then  each substituent prefixed by its locant, in alphabetical order preceding the name of parent hydrocarbon.

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c)  When the same substituent is present  two, three or four times then prefix di, tri or tetra is prefixed before the name of the substituent. The locants are written in increasing order & separated by commas.

The prefixes di, tri, or tetra should not be considered while arranging the substituent alphabetically

d) When the substituent has itself branched chain then  it is named as substituted alkyl group. Its chain is also numbered by greek letters or Arabic numbers (1,2,3) from the carbon atom attached to the main chain. The name of such substituent is written in bracket.

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Saroj Bhatia: Dr. Saroj Bhatia is an Ph.D in chemistry who has been teaching chemistry for over a decade. Currently she is a respected principal of a renowned college in her hometown. She took this medium for online users. Her proudest achievement is helping people learn chemistry.