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Stannous Chloride

Stannous Chloride

source : world of chemicals.com

Stannous Chloride (SnCl2)

Method of preparation of anhydrous stannous chloride :

i) By heating tin metal in the presence of dry HCl gas :

Sn + 2HCl ———–> SnCl2 (Stannous chloride) + H2

ii) By heating Sn with  mercuric chloride (HgCl2) :

Sn + 2HgCl2 ———> SnCl2 + Hg2Cl2 (mercurous chloride)

Properties :

1) It is a colourless, crystalline solid & soluble in  water.

2) Reaction with NaOH :   With small amount of sodium hydroxide , white ppt. of  stannous hydroxide is obtained . Which is soluble in excess of  sodium hydroxide due to formation of  sodium stannite.

SnCl2 + 2NaOH ———> Sn(OH)2 (stannous hydroxide) + 2NaCl

Sn(OH)2 + 2NaOH ———-> Na2SnO2 (sodium stannite) + 2H2O

3) Reaction with H2S :

Brown precipitate of stannous sulphide is obtained which is soluble in yellow ammonium sulphide.

SnCl2 + H2S ———-> SnS + 2HCl

SnS + (NH4)2S2 ———->  (NH4)2SnS3 (soluble compound)

4) Effect of heat :

Tin oxy chloride is obtained

SnCl2 . 2H2O ———> Sn(OH)Cl ( Tin oxy chloride) + HCl  + H2O

5) Reducing Properties :

Stannous chloride is a strong reducing agent. Itself it get reduced to Stannic chloride

a) Iodine is reduced to Hydrogen iodide –

SnCl2 + 2HCl + I2 ———> SnCl4 + 2HI

b) Mercuric chloride is reduced to white precipitate of mercurous chloride which is further reduced to grey precipitate of mercury.

SnCl2 + 2HgCl2 ———–> SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2 (mercurous chloride)

Hg2Cl2 + SnCl2 ———-> 2Hg (mercury) + SnCl4

c) Ferric chloride is reduced to ferrous chloride :

SnCl2 + 2FeCl3 ———> SnCl4 + 2FeCl2 (ferrous chloride)

d) Auric chloride is reduced to gold :

AuCl3 + SnCl2 ———-> Au (gold) + SnCl2

e) Cupric chloride is reduced to cuprous chloride :

SnCl2 + 2CuCl2 ———> 2CuCl (cuprous chloride) + SnCl4

Uses:

i) It is used as mordant in dye.

ii) In making colloidal solution of gold.

iii) As a strong reducing agent.

Conversions :

1)  Tin to Anhydrous Stannous Chloride

Sn + 2HCl ———–> SnCl2 + H2

2) Stannous Chloride to  Tin

SnCl2 + Zn (zinc metal) ——>Sn + ZnCl2

 

 

 

 

Saroj Bhatia: Dr. Saroj Bhatia is an Ph.D in chemistry who has been teaching chemistry for over a decade. Currently she is a respected principal of a renowned college in her hometown. She took this medium for online users. Her proudest achievement is helping people learn chemistry.
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