Redox reaction
source : Socratic
Balancing redox reaction by ion electron method (basic medium)-
Ex.1-
I2 + OH– ———–> I– + IO3– + H2O
I2 ————–> 2I– (Reduction)
I2 ————> 2 IO3– ( Oxidation )
To balance reduction half reaction-
I2 + 2e– ———-> 2I– ——eq.1
To balance oxidation half reaction –
To balance oxygen,
I2 + 12OH– ———-> 2 IO3 –
To balance hydrogen ,
I2 + 12OH– ———> 2IO3– + 6 H2O
To balance charge ,
I2 + 12 OH– ———-> 2 IO3– + 6 H2O + 10 e– ——-eq (2)
Multiply eq(1) by 5 & add both the equations-
5I2 + 10 e– ———-> 10 I–
6 I2 + 12 OH– ———-> 10 I– + 2IO3– + 6 H2O
( Balanced equation)
Ex 2-
Cl2 + IO3– + OH– ———-> IO4– + Cl– +H2O
Oxidation no. of Cl in Cl2 is zero but Oxidation no. of Cl– is -1.
Cl2 ———> Cl– ( Reduction )
IO3– ——–> IO4– (oxidation)
Oxidation no. of I in IO3– is +5 but Oxidation no. of I in IO4– is +7.
Balance reduction half reaction,
Cl2 +2 e– ———>2 Cl– ——-(i)
Balance oxidation half reaction,
IO3– ——–> IO4–
To balance oxygen, 2 OH– are added to LHS,
IO3– + 2 OH– ——–> IO4–
To balance hydrogen , H2O are added to RHS,
IO3– + 2 OH– ——–> IO4– + H2O
To balance charge,
IO3– + 2 OH– ——–> IO4– + H2O +2e– ——-(2)
Now add eq. (1) & (2)-
Cl2 + IO3– + 2 OH– ——–> 2Cl– + IO4– +H2O
(Balanced equation )
Ex 3-
MnO4– +SnO2– +H2O ———> MnO2 + SnO3— +OH–
MnO4– ——> MnO2 (Reduction)
Oxidation no. of Mn in MnO4– is +7 but Oxidation no. of Mn in MnO2 is +4.
SnO2– ———-> SnO3— (oxidation)
Oxidation no. of Sn in SnO2– is +3 but Oxidation no. of Sn in SnO3— is +4.
To balance reduction half reaction-
MnO4– ——> MnO2 + 4OH–
MnO4– + 2H2O ——> MnO2 +4OH–
MnO4– + 2H2O +3e– ——> MnO2 +4OH– ———(1)
To balance oxidation half reaction-
SnO2– + 2OH– ———-> SnO32-
SnO2– + 2OH– ———-> SnO32- + H2O
SnO2– + 2OH– ———-> SnO32- + H2O +e– ——–(2)
Multiply eq (2) by 3 & add both equations,
3 SnO2– + 6OH– ———-> 3 SnO32- + 3H2O + 3e–
MnO4– + 3SnO2– + 2OH– ——-> MnO2 + 3SnO32- + H2O
(Balanced equation)
Ex 4-
Zn + NO3– +OH– ——–> ZnO22- + NH3 +H2O
Zn ———> ZnO22- (0xidation )
Oxidation no. of Zn in free state is zero but Oxidation no. of Zn in ZnO22- is +2.
NO3– ——–> NH3 (Reduction )
Oxidation no. of N in NO3– is +5 but Oxidation no. of N in NH3 is -3 .
To balance oxidation half rxn.-
Zn + 4OH– ———> ZnO22-
Zn + 4OH– ———> ZnO22- + 2H2O
Zn + 4OH– ———> ZnO22- + 2H2O + 2e– ——-(1)
To balance reduction half rxn.-
NO3– + 6H2O ———> NH3
NO3– + 6H2O ———> NH3 + 9OH–
NO3– + 6H2O +8e– ———> NH3 + 9OH– ——-(2)
Multiply eq (1) by 4 & add both equations,
4Zn + 16OH– ———> 4ZnO22- + 8H2O + 8e–
4Zn + NO3– + 7OH– ——–> 4ZnO22- + NH3 + 4H2O
(Balanced equation)
Ex 5-
P + OH– ———-> H2PO2– +PH3
P ——-> H2PO2– (oxidation )
Oxidation no. of P in free state is zero but Oxidation no. of P in H2PO2– is +1.
P ———> PH3 (Reduction)
Oxidation no. of P in free state is zero but Oxidation no. of P in PH3 is -3.
To balance oxidation half rxn. –
P + 2OH– ——-> H2PO2–
P + 2OH– ——-> H2PO2– + e– ———(1)
To balance reduction half rxn. –
P + 3H2O ———> PH3
P + 3H2O ———> PH3 + 3OH–
P + 3H2O +3e– ———> PH3 + 3OH– ——–(2)
Multiply eq (1) by 3 & add both equations,
3P + 6OH– ——-> 3H2PO2– + 3e–
4P + 3OH– +3H2O ———-> 3H2PO2– +PH3
(Balanced equation )
Ex 6-
SO32- +MnO4– +OH– ———> SO42- +MnO42-
SO32- ——-> SO42- (oxidation)
Oxidation no. of S in SO32- is +4 but Oxidation no. of S in SO42- is +6.
MnO4– ——> MnO4– (Reduction)
Oxidation no. of Mn in MnO4– is +7 but Oxidation no. of Mn in MnO4– is +6.
To balance reduction half reaction-
MnO4– +e- ——> MnO4– ———(1)
To balance oxidation half reaction-
SO32- + 2OH– ———-> SO42-
SO32- + 2OH– ———-> SO42- + H2O
SO32- + 2OH– ———-> SO42- + H2O + 2e– ——–(2)
Multiply eq (1) by 2 & add both equations,
2MnO4– + 2e- ——> 2 MnO42-
2MnO4– + SO32- + 2OH– ——-> 2MnO42- + SO42- + H2O
(Balanced equation)