Equilibrium constant

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source : socratic . org

Equilibrium constant

Consider a reversible reacn

A +B <——> C+D

Eq. Constt. Kc = [C] [D]/[A] [B]

“The equilibrium  constant at given temp. is the ratio of product of active masses of products & active masses of reactants.

Kc =Kf /Kb

“The Eq. constt. at a given temp. is the ratio of the velocity constt. of forward & back ward reacn.

Factors affecting Equi. Constt.

1) Catalyst-

Presence of catalyst changes the value of rate constt. but doesn’t change the value of equi. constt. as it influences the values of  Kf   &  Kb in the same proportion.

2) Temperature-

(a) The value of equi. constt. is higher at high temp. in the case of endothermic reaction, because Kf increases.

(b) The value of equi. constt. is lower at high temp in the case of exothermic reaction because the value of Kb increases.

Value of Equi. Constt. & Equation of Reacn

The value of equi. constt. depends upon the following factors-

  1. ) The mode representation of reacn

Consider a reversible reacn

A+B <—–> C+D

According to law of mass action,

Kc =[C][D] /[A][B]

Now, if reacn is reversed, then

C +D <——> A +B

Kc’ =[A][B]/[C][D]

Kc’ =1/Kc

2 — Stoichiometric representation of the Chemical eqn

(i) 2NO2   <——-> N2 +2O2

(ii) NO2   <——-> 1/2 N2 +O2

(iii) 1/2 N2 +O2 <——–> NO2

for eq. (i)

Kc =[N2] [O2]2/[NO2]2

for eq. (ii)

Kc’ = [N2] 1/2 [O2]/[NO2]

for eq. (iii)

    Kc” =[NO2]/[N2]1/2 [ O2]     

Then relation between Kc & Kc’

Kc’ = Kc

Relation between Kc & Kc”

Kc” =1/Kc

Kc” = 1/Kc’

           

Unit of Equilibrium Constt.

Unit of equi constt. depends upon the type of reacn

Unit  of Kc=(mole/litre) Δn

here,

n=Total no of molecules of Products – Total No. of molecules of reactant

Ex. H2 +I2  <——> 2HI

unit of Kc=(mole/l) Δn

Dn=2–2=0

unit of Kc= (mole/l)0

=1

i.e. no unit Ans.

Ex.2– N2 +3H2 <——–> 2NH3

unit of Kc=(mole/l) Δn

Dn=2–4=-2

unit of Kc= (mole/l)-2

=litre2/mole2 Ans.

Ex.3– PCl5 <——->PCl3 +Cl2

unit of Kc=(mole/l) Δn

Δn=2–1= 1

unit of Kc= (mole/l)1

=mole /litre Ans.

Ex.4–2 SO3 <——-> 2SO2 +O2

unit of Kc=(mole/l) Δn

Δn=3–2=1

unit of Kc= (mole/l)1

=Mole /Litre Ans.

Ex.5– N2 + O2 <——–> 2NO

unit of Kc=(mole/l) Δn

Δn=2–2= 0

unit of Kc= (mole/l)0

= 1

No unit Ans.

  1. The equi. constt for the reacn

           N2+2O2  <——–>  2NO2

at a particular temp.

Equi. constt Kc= 100

Write down the equi. expression for the following reactions & determine the values of equi. constt.

  1. 2NO2<——>N2 +2O2
  2. NO2  <——>1/2 N2 +O2

Ans. For,

N2+2O2 <——->  2NO2

Kc =[NO2]2/[N2] [O2]2 =100

For eq.

  1. 2NO2<—–> N2 +2O2

Kc’ =[N2][O2]2 /[NO2]2

Kc’ =1/Kc

Kc’=  1/100=0.01 Ans.

For eq.

NO2<——-> 1/2 N2 +O2

Kc” =[N2]1/2 [O2]/[NO2]

Kc” =1/Kc =1/100 =0.1 Ans.

Q— For the reaction,

2NH3<——-> N2 +3H2  ; Kc =25

Cal. Kc’ the following reaction,

1/2 N2 +3/2 H2<—–> NH3

Ans.    

Kc =[N2] [H2]3/[NH3]2 =25

Kc’ = [NH3]/[N2]1/2[H2]3/2

Kc’ =1/Kc =1/25 =0.2 Ans.

Q —For the reacn,

H2 +I2    <——>2HI

At a given temp. Kc is 49. Find the Kc’ for the reverse reacn i.e.

2HI<——-> H2 +I2

Ans. Kc=[HI]2/[H2][I2] =49

Kc’ =[H2][I2]/[HI]2

Kc’ =1/Kc

=1/49 =0.0204 Ans.

 

Ex.